Michigan voters have rejected a ballot initiative that would have ordered utilities to produce 25 percent of their electricity from renewable sources by 2025.
The requirement would have been added to the state constitution, preventing legislators from overturning it. Proposal 3 called for companies to generate more power from wind, solar, biomass and hydropower.
Its defeat followed a vigorous campaign, with both sides accusing each other of misstating what it would do.
Supporters included environmental groups and renewable energy companies. They say it would have created 100,000 jobs, protected the environment and put Michigan in the forefront of a fast-growing industry.
Opponents say the measure was unrealistic and would sock ratepayers with high costs. They say the issue should be debated in the Legislature, not added to the constitution.