WASHINGTON (AP) — Congress is set to increase fuel mileage requirements for automobiles and SUVs for the first time in 32 years and President Bush has signaled he will accept the new mandates on the auto industry.
Democratic leaders were confident the House will pass an energy bill Tuesday that includes a new 35-miles-per-gallon standard, a huge increase in the use of ethanol and new energy efficiency standards for appliances and building construction.
The Senate passed the bill last week after discarding billions of dollars in higher taxes on oil companies and a solar and wind power mandate that opponents said would raise electric rates in the Southeast. Both those measures were opposed by President Bush and Senate Republicans.
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, anticipating approval of the scaled-back legislation, hailed the tougher auto mileage and renewable fuel requirements as a new direction in U.S. energy policy that will reduce the country's dependence on foreign oil and help reduce greenhouse gases blamed for global warming.
Democrats said the fuel economy requirements eventually — when the fleet of gas-miser vehicles are widely on the road — will save motorists $700 to $1,000 a year in fuel costs. They maintain the overall bill, including more ethanol use and various efficiency requirements and incentives, will reduce U.S. oil demand by 4 million barrels a day by 2030, more than twice the daily imports from the volatile Persian Gulf.
Pelosi cited public complaints about high gasoline and winter heating costs as a reason for getting the new measures passed. Lawmakers acknowledged there is nothing in the legislation that will give people relief in the coming months, or even likely the next few years, from high energy prices.
The requirement for automakers to increase their industrywide vehicle fuel efficiency by 40 percent to an industry average of 35 mpg by 2020 compared to today's 25 mpg is viewed by many lawmakers and environmentalists as historic and groundbreaking.
The automakers have repeatedly fought an increase in the federal fuel standard, known as CAFE, maintaining it would limit the range of vehicles consumers will have available in showrooms and threaten auto industry jobs. Bush also has argued against an arbitrary, numerical increase in the fuel efficiency requirement, preferring instead legislation to streamline the federal requirements and market incentives to get rid of gas guzzling vehicles.
Congress has not changed the auto mileage requirement since it was first enacted in 1975.
But the automakers have accepted the political shift toward a tougher requirement. After the Senate approved the legislation last week, the White House immediately said Bush would sign once it reaches his desk.
The bill also requires a massive increase in the production of ethanol for motor fuels, outlining a rampup of ethanol use from the roughly 6 billion gallons this year to 36 billion gallons by 2022. After 2015, the emphasis would be on expanded use of cellulosic ethanol, made from such feedstock as switchgrass and wood chips, with two thirds of the ethanol — 21 billion gallons a year — from such non-corn sources.
However, commercially viable production of cellulosic ethanol has yet to be proven and some Republicans have argued that the new requirements could be impossible to meet and may raise corn prices and food supplies.
The bill requires improved efficiency standards for lighting, commercial and government buildings, and appliances such as refrigerators, dishwashers and freezers. It also tells the Energy Department to issue efficiency standards more quickly.
Democrats failed to get through a broad tax package that they had designed to pay for incentives aimed at spurring the development of wind, solar and alternative fuels such as cellulosic ethanol, as well as energy efficiency and conservation programs.
The package would have rolled back $13.5 billion in tax breaks enjoyed by the country's five largest oil companies. The tax package passed the House earlier this month, but was rejected in the Senate as Democrats failed by one vote to overcome a GOP filibuster. The White House said Bush opposed singling out the oil industry for higher taxes and that if the taxes were included, he would veto the bill.