NOW-WITH-01
Speaks On Nuclear Terrorism Risk; Dozens Of Leaders Meet For Nuclear
Security Summit; Tracking BMI Over The Years; Families Mourn Kolkata Bridge
Collapse Victims; Source: Cellebrite Helped FBI Crack iPhone. Aired 3-3:30p
ET - Part 1>
Sumnima Udas, Oren Liebermann, Jeff Zeleny, Josh Rogin, John Avlon,
Margaret Hoover, Donna Brazile, David McKenzie, Patrick Snell>
10 years, one in every five adults in the world, one in every five will be
obese. That's what a new study published in the Lance Medical Journal is
warning>
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JONATHAN MANN, CNN GUEST HOST: I'm Jonathan Mann live from the CNN center. This is THE WORLD RIGHT NOW."
Thanks for joining us. We begin with a global epidemic that's only getting worse, obesity. In less than 10 years, one in every five adults in the world, one in every five will be obese. That's what a new study published in the Lance Medical Journal is warning. CNN's Kelly Morgan has details.
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KELLY MORGAN, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): As a population, we are growing, and not just in numbers. We are, according to a new study, fatter than ever.
MAJID EZZATI, IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON: And in the last decade or so, switched to be more obese people.
MORGAN: The study is the biggest of its kind and looked at body mass index of 19.2 million people in the 186 countries over the past 40 years, creating a unique global picture. It found that in 1975, there were 105 million obese men and women. That figure now stands at 641 million.
Broken down, almost 11 percent of men in the world are obese. That's a threefold increase over four decades. And, there are even more obese women, almost 15 percent of the female population. And the picture is expected to get a lot worse.
(on camera): The World Health Organization and United Nations set a target back in 2011 to reverse the growing rate of obesity by the year 2025. This study says that's just not going to happen. That actually by then, one in five people in the world will be clinically obese.
(voice-over): It's an epidemic British Health Campaign, Tam Fry says could have been avoided.
TAM FRY, U.K. NATIONAL OBESITY FORUM: This far beyond the crisis. The crisis actually was back in 2003 and 2004, and we've just -- by failing to do anything positive, we have let this crisis develop into what is a tragedy.
MORGAN: It's the wider health and economic repercussions he's worried about. The links that obesity has to illnesses such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. All potential killers, all an increasing strain on the public perks.
Experts blame faster more urban lifestyles and the proliferation of convenience foods, which contain high amounts of sugar or some countries started introducing taxes, the study says a global problem requires a global response.
EZZATI: It's a hard battle, but it's a battle that is costing, that is influencing people's health and it's especially influencing the health of people who can least afford it.
MORGAN: The WHO hasn't given up the 2025 goal, but it's calling for all member states to be more aggressive in the fight. Kelly Morgan, CNN, London.
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MANN: We'll tell you more about how this is going to affect the world and you coming up later in the program.
Meantime, a look at another very big problem for the planet. World leaders gathered in Washington as we speak at a Nuclear Security Summit organized by U.S. President Barack Obama.
But it's the comments of someone who wants to be the next U.S. president that have a lot of people worried. Donald Trump suggested that the U.S. military could be withdrawn from Japan and South Korea with nuclear weapons replacing them.
That provoked stuns reactions and a strong backlash from both countries. President Obama also touched on another big worry of the summit, the fear of terrorists getting their hands on nuclear weapons.
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BARACK OBAMA, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: There is no doubt that if these madmen ever got their hands on a nuclear bomb or nuclear material, they most certainly will use it to kill as many innocent people as possible, and that's why our work here remains so critical. The single most effective defense against nuclear terrorism is fully securing this material so it doesn't fall into the wrong hands in the first place.
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MANN: Speaking at that summit, President Obama warned that the world cannot be complaisant when it comes to nuclear safety as the threat of nuclear terrorism evolves.
Alexandra Field reports from Brussels on whether the attackers there and in Paris were looking at getting their hands on radioactive materials and if that would be feasible.
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[15:05:09]ALEXANDRA FIELD, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): This is the path of devastation, depth, left behind by Brussels bombers and brothers. They attack the airport and the metro. But had they considered can even more? Did the brothers have nuclear ambitions? Did they intend to build a dirty bomb?
(on camera): Those are the kinds of questions that investigators are asking after recovering video from a safe house connected to the terror cell that carried out the attacks in Paris and Brussels.
A senior Belgian counterterrorism official tells us the video shows ten hours of worth of surveillance on the home of a nuclear researcher, at times you can see him and his family going into and out of the house.
Analysts suggest that the video might point to some kind of plot to kidnap the official in order to gain access to radioactive material.
CLAUDE MONIQUET, EUROPEAN STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY CENTER: It's absolutely bad. It was kind of (inaudible) in their brain, in their heads.
FIELD: The fact that this video was even made, how alarming is that to you?
MONIQUET: It is alarming, very alarming for the person who supported by the terrorists and that's for the nuclear industry.
FIELD: Could a terrorist realistically carry out an attack by kidnapping one employee?
NOLA SCHEERLINCK, BELGIUM'S FEDERAL AGENCY FOR NUCLEAR CONTROL: No, I don't, you could kidnap that person, but that doesn't mean -- it's not that simple that you can just hold a gun to a person's head and force your way into a nuclear facility. There's multiple barriers, identity checks, physical barriers that prevents someone from getting in, in that kind of way so I don't think that's very realistic.
FIELD (voice-over): In 2014, someone inside the nuclear power reactor in Belgium sabotaged a non-nuclear part of that plant. Also that year, a terrorist opened fire on a Jewish museum in Brussels.
After those incidents, security around Belgium's nuclear facility was stepped up, according to Belgian's Federal Agency for Nuclear Control, following the Paris attacks, armed guards were assigned to protect the facilities in line with practices at other nuclear power plants in Europe.
And in the days after the Brussels bombings, four employees had access to various facilities taken away, part of a policy of constant monitoring. Some of the measures recognized in a recent report from Harvard's Kennedy School says Belgium has made some of the most substantial nuclear security improvements in the world.
The country had been criticized for failing to strengthen nuclear security sooner.
ROBERT DOWNES, KING'S COLLEGE LONDON: No one is suggesting that Belgium's nuclear security is compromised or that there's a set of new threats here that Belgium can't cope with. Really, though, the question is whether nuclear security in Belgium is as good as it could be.
FIELD: Investigators might never know whether the (inaudible) brothers intended to build a dirty bomb or what methods of destruction they may have considered. Only the damage left behind. In Brussels, Alexandra Field, CNN.
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MANN: All right, keep that question in mind, is nuclear security as good as it could be? Let's go to Washington, White House correspondent, Michelle Kosinski is at the Nuclear Security Summit.
It's been what, eight years, four meetings that have been held to consider this problem, are people there reassured by the progress they've made or daunted as I think many people still are the threats that may be out there?
MICHELLE KOSINSKI, CNN WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENT: Yes, well, they really want to highlight the progress and you talk to analysts who are outside of this meeting, and they say that there has been real progress.
I mean, countries have removed their stockpiles of highly enriched uranium completely. In fact just today, there were announcements surrounding the removals from a number of countries including Japan.
In that case, we're talking a half ton of highly enriched uranium and plutonium, and that's the biggest such removal in history. Nations have made pacts to increase security, better monitor the radiological and nuclear material that they have within their borders. So that is real progress.
Now that said, for the most part, we're talking about pretty high level material here. I mean, the kind that would be used to make an improvised nuclear bomb. It's highly uncertain whether ISIS has the capability to do that.
So what some analysts see is the bigger risk of getting their hands on the lower level of radiological stuff, that's in hospitals, thousands of sites around the world. Some of it very much insecure.
Things to treat cancer, things that have industry applications, and we know that ISIS has the desire to do that. The question is, how to increase security in all of those places? Not all of which are government, of course.
There's civilian uses. So at this summit as well, there are lots of meetings going on to try to boost that kind of security within all of these countries.
Now, I guess on the downside, it doesn't cover every country in the world by any means, it's not going to overnight increase security at places like remote hospitals that are still treating cancer with radiological material that could potentially be dangerous.
[15:10:10] But when you look at this as a whole, you say OK, at least there's a sense of urgency. There are real and practical efforts being made, and there is some progress -- Jonathan.
MANN: I want to ask you about the sense of urgency and whether it's everywhere because some American experts say that Russia may have nuclear sites than any other country in the world. They think that Iran's nuclear power plants may be more vulnerable to sabotage than anywhere else in the world.
And the presidents of Russia, Iran, aren't at this summit. How many countries are just not cooperating and how dangerous does that make the threat?
KOSINSKI: That is a problem. I mean, there are obviously a lot of questions here. There are so many gray areas, but the perspective of the U.S. government is you have to start where you can, you have to do what you can, get as many governments on board as possible.
And you know, Russia has come up many, many times because it's one of those countries that cooperates in some ways, but in other ways, completely flouts international rules. So the U.S. said they still have real cooperation with Russia on nuclear issues, they are not showing up for this.
It's more of a kind of public snub because of tensions they have with the U.S. and other countries especially on the subject of Ukraine, not necessarily on these nuclear issues. But the risks that still exist there, that still exist in other areas.
Again, there are a lot of unknowns, and these nations that are working together and are agreeing to rules to make things even better. Can basically do what they can and the rest is still going to be a work in progress very much so -- Jonathan.
MANN: Michelle Kosinski at the Nuclear Security Summit. Thanks so much.
Later this hour, we'll go back to the nuclear summit in Washington, U.S. President Barack Obama scheduled to say remarks at a special session on the threat posed by ISIS. We'll bring that to you live as soon as it gets under way.
Let's return now to our top story this hour, that alarming new study that predicts that one in every five adults in the world will be obese within the next decade.
The study's senior author says, to more bike lanes and some more blood pressure medication won't cut it. The world needs coordinated initiatives.
One woman trying to establish some of those of Chessa Lutter, regional advisor for Food and Nutrition to the Pan-American Health Organization, joining us live from Washington. Thanks so much for being with us.
I want to ask you this question very basically and in all seriousness, people hearing about this are going to think, OK, more chubby around than there used to be, how much of a problem is this really going to be?
CHESSA LUTTER, SENIOR ADVISOR, FOOD AND NUTRITION AT PAHO: It's an enormous problem. I think it was clear from the article that came out and has been released in many press releases. It's huge epidemic because overweight and obese people have a much higher risk of diabetes, hypertension, these are killer diseases.
These are killer diseases, and we absolutely, particularly in low and middle income countries, we cannot treat our way out of this. We cannot exercise our way out of this, and it's very much also for high end countries, the U.S. and European countries.
MANN: Let me ask you about low and middle income countries, because there's a historic break with all of human history, it would seem, because when you look back over the millennial, obviously hunger was entirely normal for most people over most centuries, starvation was a constant threat in much of the planet. Is this -- well, are we seeing ourselves? Are we seeing humanity of victims as its own progress and success?
LUTTER: What has happened is obviously when there was hunger and famine, we have jeans that could help store food to tie us over. And those survival of the fittest, those who are making it today and alive today have genes that help them do that.
Now we're in an area of absolute abundance in low and middle income countries with fewer exceptions, clearly and high end countries, and so, we still will have those genes to have overweight and obesity exits energy to tie us over.
And so it's a real progression, and it's a serious problem in terms of the food environment that we face today whether there's more and more and more high energy, high salt, very sweet foods.
And we're just to the getting enough of the really healthy foods, fruits and vegetables, water instead of sodas, and so it's a change in our whole food environment. Not so much a change in our genetic predispositions to store extra energy.
MANN: Now I'm going to ask you to bear with us as we look at how things have changed over the years around the planet. We have a map that reflects the statistics from 1975, countries highlighted in darker orange, have the highest average BMI or body mass index among men.
You can see obviously the United States was there, Russia is there, Australia, topping the scales back then, moving forward to 2014, and it's a different picture, China, Saudi Arabia, and Brazil have gotten heavier.
[15:15:04]North America maintains its high levels of obesity with Canada catching up to the United States. Now the one that really jumps out at me, Dr. Lutter, is China. They're getting obese in China. How do you explain that?
LUTTER: I think we all grew up with a perception, I know that I grew up with that perception, when I would have dinner my parents would say, clean your plate because there's starving children in China. We learned growing up about famines, very starving children.
But again, China has economically advanced very, very quickly. They've had a one child policy. And so, in fact, the public perception has yet to change what the reality of what we're seeing in public health and nutrition.
And so, I think that's why people are so surprised, but in fact, it's been a progression, and it's explained again by the food environment in which we live. Less physical activity, but more and more access to unhealthy foods and less and less access to the healthy foods.
MANN: So at a global scale, what's the solution? And how quickly could anyone think of solving this problem?
LUTTER: I think that's very well pointed out in the article, we need a global solution. We need to change the environment in which we live and which we make our choices about what we eat and how we move.
So for example, in Latin America and the Caribbean, the region Pan-American Health Organization that I represent, regional office of the World Health Organization. Countries such as Peru, Chile, Mexico, have imposed very new proactive regulation and legislation to change the food environment.
For example, Mexico passed a very significant tax on sodas, what we call sugar sweetened beverages, and junk food. OK, and that has already shown in effect in declining sales of these sodas and increasing water consumption which is again, much healthier for the population.
Chile has very new, very interesting, what we call front of package labeling which shows on the very front of the package, those foods that are high in salt, sugar, and fat.
MANN: I guess the secret here is governments are going to help us, have to help us tighten our belts. Dr. Chessa Lutter of the Pan-American Health Organization. Thanks so much for talking with us.
LUTTER: Thank you very much.
MANN: Let me ask you this, are you obese? Grab a pencil and we can tell you what the experts would say, body mass index, BMI, can draw the fine line between overweight and obese.
So here we go, divide your weight in kilos by your height in meters, take that number and divide it again by your height to get your BMI. Here's the crucial thing, if it's 30 or more, I've got some bad news for you.
Let's look at an example for a person who's 5'9", or 1.75 meters. If that person weighs 77 to 90 kilos, they're considered overweight, 90 kilos to 122 kilos, officially obese. Over 122 kilos, that's very obese and there are health implications.
Still to come tonight, attempted murder and criminal conspiracy, some of the charges brought against the Indian construction firm linked to the deadly bridge collapse in Kolkata. More on that next.
And later, a look at the Israeli cyber security company believed to be behind the FBI's iPhone hack. This is THE WORLD RIGHT NOW.
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MANN: Welcome back. Embattled South African president, Jacob Zuma, has vowed to abide by the court ruling that he broke the law by using state funds to renovate his private home lavishly.
On Thursday, the country's highest court found he had violated the constitution and ordered him to pay back some of the millions of dollars he spent on questionable upgrades.
In a televised address to the nation Friday, Mr. Zuma called the ruling ground breaking and said he respects it without reservation.
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JACOB ZUMA, SOUTH AFRICAN PRESIDENT: I respect the judgment and will abide by it. I have consistently stated that I would pay an amount towards the upgrades, once this had been determined by the correct authority.
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MANN: The upgrades included a pool and amphitheater and a chicken coop.
The construction company linked to the deadly overpass collapse in Kolkata, India now faces criminal charges. Police say the charges included attempted murder and criminal conspiracy.
Twelve people from the company are being questioned by police. At least 24 people were killed when the overpass came crashing down Thursday. CNN's Sumnima Udas has been speaking with the families of victims and has this report.
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SUMNIMA UDAS, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Despaired and mourning, (inaudible) were on a hand pulled (inaudible) headed to a nearby hospital to visit an ailing relative when the chunk of concrete and metal came crashing down.
In seconds, their lives ended. While at home, the world turned upside down for their two sons. Their shaved heads a sign of grieving in Hindu families. The 25-year-old had to identify his parent's bodies.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: They were not in the position to see the bodies. I had to break the news.
UDAS: The father was a sole breadwinner, running a timber trading business. He was the only son.
We didn't hear from them for hours. We couldn't get in touch with them, and then we hear heard the overpass collapse, I just went cold, she says.
After a frantic four hours of searching, calling, hoping, and praying, she found out what happened. There's no limit to hardship and sorrow in life, sometimes it's happiness, other times it's all darkness. My heart bleeds with pain. He was my only son, she says.
In the neighborhood, across the country, people want to know how it happened. Who is accountable? But here, there's no anger.
Who can we blame? We don't blame anyone, we blame our faith. They are still in a state of shock, aware of what's happened, but enable to make sense of it. Sumnima Udas, CNN, Kolkata, India.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
MANN: And this is what's happening in the business world right now. A look at the Dow Jones Industrials up once again. Seven week rally easing into the weekend. Wall Street, slightly higher across the board Friday after investors saw some new numbers from the labor market. We'll have more in a moment.
You could see the broader markets up a notch as well. Let's look at European indexes, European investors weren't as impressed by U.S. job numbers. In fact, they were more impressed by falling oil prices, those brought down oil shares about half a percent. The DAX, CAC and the SMI, all down roughly a percent and a half.
U.S. posted a solid jobs report for March in the face of global economic instability. We mentioned that a moment ago. Have a look at the latest numbers, U.S. economy adding a healthy 215,000 jobs last month, that is above expectations, oddly though, unemployment rose by a bit.
[15:25:03]It now stands at 5 percent, and let's say that could be a sign that the long-term unemployed are re-entering the labor market. Wages are up 2.3 percent compared to a year ago. That is not as impressive, wage growth started to pick up as much as 2 percent last year, only to lose a bit of momentum.
In other business news, it's believed an Israeli company is the mysterious outside party enlisted by the FBI to break into the iPhone of the San Bernardino terrorist. Source tells CNN Money that engineers at cyber security firm, Cellebrite, are behind the hacking. The company, though, is staying silent. CNN's Oren Liebermann reports.
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OREN LIEBERMANN, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Four months after the San Bernardino terrorist attack, the iPhone 5C, one of the shooter's remains a critical, but inaccessible piece of evidence.
An ugly legal battle between the FBI and Apple suddenly ended when the FBI found a different way to get into the iPhone. An Israeli newspaper citing industry sources said the company that did the work was called Cellebrite.
(on camera): Cellebrite's offices are here behind me in this high tech park just outside of Tel Aviv. Neither the FBI nor Cellebrite will comment on the company's involvement.
But Cellebrite specializes in mobile device data extraction and decryption, phone hacking, and that's exactly what the FBI needed in this case.
(voice-over): We reached out to Cellebrite and the FBI repeatedly. Cellebrite didn't return our calls and the FBI wouldn't comment about the company.
The FBI has said only that they used a quote, "outside company," but the FBI signed a $200,000 contract with Cellebrite the same day the FBI announced it had gained access to the content in the shooters phone.
Shares of Cellebrite's parent company soared. At a tech conference in 2014, Cellebrite's forensics technical director told CNN about their work.
YUVAL BEN MOSHE, CELLEBRITE: We allow a very deep and detailed access to a lot of information that is on the mobile device, and then it allows them to deduct who did what when, which is the essence of any investigation when you look at it.
LIEBERMANN: Cellebrite's technology isn't just a hack on an iPhone, critics says it's a hack on privacy. He says, his company has been challenged in court.
BEN MOSHE: We've got to make sure that whatever you're bringing into court can stand there and stand any cross-examination. There are very, very strict rules and guidelines with most of the countries, and we meet them. We meet those to the best of our knowledge.
LIEBERMANN: To learn more about mobile device security, we meet Michael Shaulov, he is a mobile technology expert at Check Point, an Israeli cyber security firm.
(on camera): What are the weak points of an iPhone or any other mobile device that you can access the phone through?
MICHAEL SHAULOV, CHECK POINT SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES: When you connect the cable to the phone, and then you can abuse all kind of protocols that the iPhone can communicate with the laptops and then using, by hijacking or manipulating those protocols, you can actually unlock the phone.
LIEBERMANN: If I hand you my iPhone, how long will it take you to hack this iPhone?
SHAULOV: It will probably take me to faster to hack in your hands. It's easier to conduct basically to send you something that you will click on and install something on your phone rather than I would try to guess or break your passcode.
LIEBERMANN (voice-over): This is the flip side of the start-up nation, innovation used to build security now used to exploit vulnerabilities.
It Cellebrite the company behind the U.S. government's iPhone hack? They will not say. But notably, the company that signed the FBI contract, and was enthusiastically touting its technology not long ago has now gone silent. Oren Liebermann, CNN, Tel Aviv.
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MANN: Still to come, Hillary Clinton lashes out on the campaign trail.
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HILLARY CLINTON (D), PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE: I am so sick, I am so sick of the Sanders' campaign lying about me. I'm sick of it.
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MANN: We'll see what's behind her frustration as the race heats up for the Democratic presidential nomination.
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[15:31:25]
MANN: Welcome back, U.S. President Barack Obama says the world can't afford to be complacent when it comes to nuclear security.
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BARACK OBAMA, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: He spoke a short time ago at a nuclear safety summit in Washington. World leaders are expected to hold a special session on nuclear ambitions on groups like ISIS shortly.
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MANN: A construction company linked to the deadly overpass collapse in Calcutta India is facing charges of attempted murder and criminal conspiracy.
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MANN: Police have brought in 12 people from the company for questioning. At least 24 people were killed when the overpass came crashing down Thursday.
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MANN: A delivery driver from London has been convicted of plotting to kill a U.S. airman outside a base in the United Kingdom.
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MANN: 25 year old Junead Khan was found guilty of preparing terrorist acts. He was also convicted of planning to join ISIS in Syria along with his uncle, Shazib Khan.
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MANN: A giant German politics and diplomacy, a path finder in Europe's recent history Hans-Dietrich Genscher has died.
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